High Level Overview

This Page

1. Purpose
2. High-level design
3. External dependencies

---

Purpose

The packet dispatcher is used to decode protobuf frames.

Application code usually wants:

• strongly typed decoded payloads
• one handler per packet type
• decoupling between input reception and packet processing

This module solves that by:

1. receiving a raw protobuf receive_frame
2. decoding it into PBEnvelope
3. determining which_payload
4. finding the corresponding handler
5. copying the decoded payload into that handler’s (freeRTOS) queue
6. letting a dedicated task call callback for this handler

In short, each packet type gets its own handler callback, queue and task. That makes the system modular and easy to extend, at least conceptually. So the module acts as a bridge between transport-level bytes and application-level packet handler.

In practical terms, it is a decode-and-dispatch layer between an input source that receives raw bytes and a set of application handlers that want already-decoded payloads

The implementation has some assumptions and hazards that absolutely need to be understood before you start messing with its internal structure.

---

High-level design

The design has three major parts:

• Global handler registry
  The global handler registry contains an array of packet handler tasks (see packet_handler_config_t ). A packet handler task configures (amongst other things) the callback function for a certain type of packet.
  The array of configs is given by the caller at initialization time. This array is stored globally and used by dispatch logic for packet type lookup.

What we call a packet is a raw protobuf.
What we call a handler is a (configuration of a) callback function for a specific protobuf/packet.

• One queue & task per packet type
  The dispatcher takes each handler configuration and creates 1 FreeRTOS queue and 1 FreeRTOS task. When receiving messages, the dispatcher enqueues decoded payloads into the corresponding queue. The corresponding task blocks that queue and calls the handler callback (which saved in the registry).

The task takes the correspoding payload out of the queue and calls the specified handler/callback function. By corresponding we mean that each type of packet has their own queue.

• Shared decode step
  Incoming frames are decoded into a global static PBEnvelope object: static PBEnvelope DecodingEnvelopeCurrent;.
  The dispatcher then copies DecodingEnvelopeCurrent.payload into a handler queue. This detail matters a lot for concurrency and payload sizing.

NOTE on handler task lifecycles

Each handler task is intended to live forever.

A task is responsible for passing a specific packet type from the corresponding queue to the correct callback. As stated above, a handler task gets created by the dispatcher according to the configuration (see packet_handler_config_t ) done by the caller when initializing the dispatcher.

Lifecycle

1. Created by PacketHandlerStart()
   As part of PacketDispatcherInit().
2. Validate configuration
   Task_name, handler and queue need to be present for it to work. These params are set in packet_handler_config_t. If you use the macros, this should be fine.
3. Allocate local packet buffer
4. Block forever on queue receive
   So, when we receive a packet in the corresponding queue, we wait for it to be handled.
5. Process packets as they arrive
   The processing is done by the callback specified in the handler.

Terminates only if...

• config is invalid
• queue is null
• heap allocation fails for packet buffer

In those cases it deletes itself.

At the moment, there is no restart or supervision mechanism in this module!

---

External dependencies

This is not a standalone module. It sits in the middle of RTOS tasking, protobuf decoding, and transport reception.

This module depends on:

	specifically used pieces
FreeRTOS	xQueueCreateStatic xQueueReceive xQueueSend xTaskCreate vTaskDelete
nanopb / protobuf decoding	pb_istream_from_buffer pb_decode
PBEnvelope generated protobuf definitions	PBEnvelope_fields PBEnvelope_size
Logging library
Result Library
stm/ethernet_udp.h	receive_frame